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Access-list

Access-list is only the rule. You need to apply where you want to effect. Access list is a powerful tool but if you don't apply, it not more than a line.

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OSPF Virtual Link

OSPF Virtual Link OSPF virtual link is use for that area far from backbone area 0. At this figure 1.1 area 2 is far from area 0 so area 2 can't reach other area. Figure 1.1 After configure OSPF, neighbor is up but router 2 don't see 3.3.3.0/24 network. R3#sh ip ospf nei Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface 2.2.2.2           1   FULL/DR         00:00:39    10.1.2.1        FastEthernet0/0 R2#sh ip route      10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets C       10.1.2.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0 C       10.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 One of OSPF rule all area must connect to area 0.In this cause we can use virtual link at area 1. R2 router ospf 1  router-id 2.2.2.2  log-adjace...

OSPF Stub

The following restrictions apply to stub areas:     You cannot create a virtual link through a stub area.   A stub area cannot contain an AS boundary router.   You cannot configure the backbone as a stub area.   You cannot configure an area as both a stub area and an not-so-stubby area (NSSA). Ref : Juniper.net

Why does OSPF need backbone area?

Why does OSPF require all traffic between non-backbone areas to pass through a backbone area (area 0)?   Because inter-area OSPF is distance vector, it is vulnerable to routing loops. It avoids loops by mandating a loop-free inter-area topology, in which traffic from one area can only reach another area through area 0. Ref : Jeff Doyle article at Network world http://www.networkworld.com/article/2348778/cisco-subnet/my-favorite-interview-question.html